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Cardinal Pandolfo (or Padolfo) Masca da Pisa (1101–1201) was an Italian cardinal of the late 12th century. Pandolfo was born in Pisa. He commissioned several paintings from Tuscany on the orders of Callixtus II, for which he was made sub-deacon of the apostolic seat.〔(Pisa illustrata nelle arti del disegno )〕 Pandolfo was elected cardinal in 1182 with the title of Santi Apostoli, Rome. He held this titulus at the time of the five papal elections at which he was present - Pope Urban III on November 25, 1185; Pope Gregory VIII on October 21, 1187; Pope Clement III on December 17–19, 1187; Pope Celestine III on March 25 (?) - 30, 1191; and Pope Innocent III on January 8, 1198.〔(The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Papal elections and conclaves by century )〕 He subscribed the papal bulls between January 4, 1183 and November 11, 1200. Pope Celestine III, wanting peace between Genoa and Pisa, sent Masca to Tuscany but, as for Lerici, at 1196 peace negotiations it proved impossible to arrive at an understanding. Anti-imperialist sentiment was also growing in Tuscany and, following the example of the Lombard League, a new league was formed, the League of San Genesio or the Tuscan League. The Church favoured such moves, seeing the need to return power to the Communes. On arrival in Tuscany, Masca succeeded in uniting the towns under the flag of the anti-feudality and of keeping themselves distinct from imperial authority.〔(Pisa nella Storia )〕 However, on the succession of Innocent III, the new pope did not wish to become part of the anti-imperialist league but instead to take possession of the Tuscan towns himself. Innocent wrote immediately to Masca and another cardinal who accepted the League's agreements (Bernardo, canon of S. Frediano of Lucca), affirming that the alliance had his disapproval since signoria (overlordship) over the March of Tuscany formally belonged to the Church, and as such the Pope could not negotiate with those who were in fact his subjects. Though this weakened the League, the Tuscan towns opposed the Pope in this, forcing him soon to give up the idea of a temporal dominion over Tuscany and limit himself to obstructing the League.〔(Toscana longobardica )〕 It was thought that he or his namesake wrote the lives of the popes from Gregory VII to Alexander III in the ''Liber Pontificalis'', though this view has since been abandoned.〔(Pisa e le sue adiacenze )〕 He died in 1201 at the age of 100. ==Notes and references== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pandolfo Masca of Pisa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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